Specification of Hydrogen Chloride (HCI)
Hydrogen chloride is a diatomic molecule, consisting of a hydrogen atom H and a chlorine atom Cl connected by a polar covalent bond. The chlorine atom is much more electronegative than the hydrogen atom, which makes this bond polar. Consequently, the molecule has a large dipole moment with a negative partial charge at the chlorine atom and a positive partial charge at the hydrogen atom. In part because of its high polarity, HCl is very soluble in water (and in other polar solvents).
Most hydrogen chloride is used in the production of hydrochloric acid. It is also an important reagent in other industrial chemical transformations, e.g.:
- Hydrochlorination of rubber
- Production of vinyl and alkyl chlorides
In the semiconductor industry, it is used to both etch semiconductor crystals and to purify silicon via trichlorosilane (SiHCl3).
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